Smart Information Flow Technologies - politeness

Non-Intrusive Detection of Psycho-Social Dimensions using Sociolinguistics

admin — Wed, 05 Aug 2015 01:52:40 +0000

Citation:

Wu, Peggy, Rye, Jeffrey, Miller, Christopher, Schmer-Galunder, Sonja, and Ott, Tammy. Non-Intrusive Detection of Psycho-Social Dimensions using Sociolinguistics. Third Workshop on Social Network Analysis in Applications (SNAA) of IEEE/ACM International Conference on Advances in Social Networks Analysis and Mining (ASONAM 2013), Niagara Falls, Canada, August 25-28, 2013.

Date Published:

Sunday, August 25, 2013

Publication File:

ASONAM2013-Wu.pdf

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Politeness in Teams: Implications for Directive Compliance Behavior and Associated Attitudes

admin — Tue, 04 Aug 2015 19:44:33 +0000

Citation:

Miller, C., Wu, P., and Ott, T. Politeness effects in Professional and Nonprofessional Teams: Implications for Directive Compliance Behavior and Associated Attitudes. Cognitive Engineering and Decision Making, 6(2), pp. 214-42 (2012).

Date Published:

Saturday, August 4, 2012

Publication File:

Journal of Cognitive Engineering and Decision Making-2012-Miller-214-42.pdf

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Can Polite Computers Produce Better Human Performance?

admin — Sun, 02 Aug 2015 19:43:19 +0000

Citation:

Can Polite Computers Produce Better Human Performance? Peggy Wu and Christopher Miller. In Proceedings of ACM Multimedia 2010 International Conference, Oct. 25-29, 2010 Firenze, Italy.

Date Published:

Monday, October 25, 2010

Publication File:

2010-affine739-wu.pdf

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Culture, Politeness and Directive Compliance: Does Saying 'Please' Make a Difference?

admin — Fri, 31 Jul 2015 21:04:16 +0000

Keywords: etiquette, culture, politeness, directive compliance

Abstract: We argue that traditional cultural factors (from Hofstede, Nisbett, etc.) are too abstract to provide good, predictive models of important human performance behaviours such as compliance with directives. Instead, we focus on culture-specific social interaction behaviours in language, gesture, etc. (i.e., "etiquette") as a more concrete and quantifiable bridge between abstract cultural factors and human performance. We describe a computational model of etiquette and face threat perception we have developed, called CECAEDA (Computational Effects of Cultural Attributes and Etiquette on Directive Adherence). CECAEDA consists of four parts: (1) a culturally universal model of politeness perceptions, their causes and effects, (2) a culturally universal model of the chain from perception through decision making to the execution of compliance behaviours in response to directives, (3) a culturally universal set of hypotheses about how politeness perceptions affect directive compliance, and (4) a set of hypotheses about how cultural factors (specifically, those proposed by Hofstede [1] affect etiquette perceptions and, thus, directive compliance in culture-specific ways. Each component is discussed in detail, followed by a brief presentation of our research testbed and paradigm for evaluating CECAEDA.

Citation:

Miller, C., & Smith, K. (2008, April 21-23). Culture, Politeness and Directive Compliance: Does Saying 'Please' Make a Difference? Proceedings of the NATO RTO Symposium HFM-142 on Adaptability in Coalition Teamwork. Copenhagen, Denmark.

Date Published:

Monday, April 21, 2008

Publication File:

MillerSmithNATO-final.pdf

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A Computational Approach to Etiquette: Operationalizing Brown and Levinson's Politeness Model

admin — Fri, 31 Jul 2015 20:46:08 +0000

Keywords: culture modeling, social interaction, politeness, etiquette, power, familiarity, imposition, urgency

Abstract: A central source of cultural differences, with powerful impacts on perception and behavior, is communication of “politeness” and its role power and familiarity relationships, urgency, indebtedness, etc. We are operationalizing and making computational a culturally abstract and universal theory of human politeness which combines culture-specific aspects of social context (power and familiarity relationships, imposition, character), to produce expectations about politeness behaviors (also culturally defined). Such a model will enable better training materials, simulations, and even better decision aids. By using observations of politeness behaviors (or their lack), the same model can infer those attributes. We describe our algorithm and results from two validation experiments. We have used this model to guide simulated game agents in interpreting and generating politeness behaviors and have demonstrated promise for reducing software development costs and/or increasing an agent’s behavior repertoire through the creation of modular, crosscultural etiquette libraries.

Citation:

Miller, C., Wu, P., & Funk, H. (2008). A Computational Approach to Etiquette: Operationalizing Brown and Levinson's Politeness Model. IEEE Intelligent Systems, 23(4), 28-35.

Date Published:

Tuesday, July 1, 2008

Publication File:

MWF-IEEEIS-vsubmit2.pdf

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A Computational Apporach to Etiqeutte and Politeness: An "Etiquette Engine™" for Cultural Interaction Training

admin — Fri, 31 Jul 2015 19:52:37 +0000

Keywords: social interaction behavior, etiquette, politeness, culture, NPSs, cross cultural training, training games

Abstract: Computational models and simulations of culture-specific social interactions are useful for a variety of applications including training, interaction or perception prediction and interpretation and even the design of machines and systems which will interact verbally with members of different cultures. To date, such models have been achieved via the scripting of specific trajectories of behaviors or, in limited instances, through very complex, “first principles” psychological models of agent motivation and goal-based behaviors. Neither of these is entirely appropriate for the production of a large series of rich and deep social interactions. We have developed a quantitative, computational implementation of a rich, universal theory of human-human “politeness” behaviors and the culture-specific interpretive frameworks for them (labeled “etiquette”) from sociology, linguistics and anthropology. This model links observable and inferred aspects of power and familiarity relationships, the degree of imposition of an act (each of which have implications for roles and intents) and the actor’s character to produce expectations about politeness behaviors. We have recently demonstrated the ability for this algorithm to produce culture-specific, politeness-appropriate utterances and perceptions of utterances in a game setting. Furthermore, our algorithmic approach to calculating culturespecific attitudes offered distinct advantages over alternate methods of producing such behaviors. Not only was it possible to more rapidly amass a much larger set of alternate trajectories through an interaction setting, but it was also possible to “swap” alternate sets of cultural knowledge to enable giving an agent alternate cultural perceptions with great ease.

Citation:

Miller, C., & Parasuraman, R. (2007, March 26-29). A Computational Approach to Etiquette and Politeness: An "Etiquette Engine™" for Cultural Interaction Training. Proceedings of the 2007 Conference on Behavior Representation In Modeling and Simulation. Norfolk, VA.

Date Published:

Monday, March 26, 2007

Publication File:

MWFJV-BRIMS07-vfin.pdf

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A Computational Approach to Etiquette and Politeness: Validation Experiments

admin — Fri, 31 Jul 2015 19:45:25 +0000

Keywords: politeness, human-human etiquette, face threats

Abstract: A significant and prevalent aspect of human behavior (as opposed to attitudes and beliefs) which is affected by cultural differences is communication style. We have been developing computational models of an important culturallyvarying aspect of communication: ”politeness” and “etiquette” in social interactions and its role in establishing and managing power and familiarity relationships, urgency, indebtedness, etc. A valid computational model of such interactions would enable the creation of better simulations and games for language and culture training, as well as aid in the design of materials and machines to better serve members of a given culture. We have developed such a model based on a rich, universal theory of human-human politeness and “etiquette”. This model links observable and inferred aspects of social context (power and familiarity relationships, imposition, knowledge about character), which have culture-specific values, to produce expectations about politeness behaviors (also culturally defined). By using observations of politeness behaviors (or their lack), the same model permits inferences and updates about those attributes. We briefly describe the algorithm we have developed and describe results from two validation experiments involving first trained, and later untrained raters. We have used this model in other work to guide simulated game agents in interpreting etiquette directed at them and in generating politeness behaviors in response. While other methods of interactive behavior generation are available (e.g., behavior scripting) our modular, computational approach shows promise for reducing software development costs and/or increasing the breadth of an agent’s social interaction behavior through the creation of modular, cross-cultural etiquette libraries.

Citation:

Miller, C., Wu, P. & Funk, H. (2007, August 27-28). A Computational Approach to Etiquette and Politeness: Validation Experiments. Proceedings of the First International Conference on Computational Cultural Dynamics, College Park, MD.

Date Published:

Monday, August 27, 2007

Publication File:

MWF-CCD07-v2.pdf

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A Computational Approach to Etiquette and Politeness

admin — Fri, 31 Jul 2015 19:27:53 +0000

Keywords: social interaction behavior, etiquette, politeness, avatar, NPCs, cross cultural training, training games

Abstract: Characters or agents which react appropriately—-taking offense when reasonable, giving deference where appropriate, etc.-- are a fundamental need for believability and accuracy in simulations of social interactions (including culture-specific and multi-cultural interactions). This is especially true for applications where complex and realistic interactions with intelligent agents are important-- such as cross-cultural training for military personnel. We have developed a quantitative, computational implementation of a rich, universal theory of human-human “politeness” behaviors and the culture-specific interpretive frameworks for them (labeled “etiquette”) from sociology, linguistics and anthropology. This model links observable and inferred aspects of power and familiarity relationships, the degree of imposition of an act (each of which have implications for roles and intents) and the actor’s character to produce expectations about politeness behaviors. By using observations of politeness behaviors (or their lack), the same model permits inferences and updates about those attributes. We present the algorithm we have developed and describe its results in scoring the degree of politeness or rudeness across 8 test cases. We see applicability of this model to interactive agent behavior generation and adaptation through the creation of modular, cross-cultural etiquette libraries. While other methods of interactive behavior generation are available (e.g., behavior scripting) our modular, computational approach should provide substantial payoffs in terms of reducing software development costs and/orincreasing the breadth of an agent’s social interaction behaviors.

Citation:

Miller, C., Wu, P., Funk, H., Wilson, P., & Johnson, W. L. (2006, May 15-18). A Computational Approach to Etiquette and Politeness: Initial Test Cases. Proceedings of 2006 BRIMS Conference, Baltimore, MD.

Date Published:

Monday, May 15, 2006

Publication File:

MWFWJ-BRIMS06.pdf

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The Etiquette Quotient: An Approach to Believable Social Interaction Behaviors

admin — Wed, 29 Jul 2015 19:44:43 +0000

Keywords: social interaction behavior, etiquette, politeness, avatar, NPCs, cross cultural training, training games

Abstract: Making avatars react appropriately in social interaction—-to take offense when reasonable, to give deference where appropriate, etc.-- is a more fundamental need for believability and cost-effectiveness than is accuracy in appearance, especially for military applications such as cross-cultural training. We are using a rich, universal theory of human-human “politeness” behaviors and the culture-specific interpretive frameworks for them (labeled “etiquette”) from sociology, linguistics and anthropology to create a computational model of social behavior expectations. This model links observable and inferred aspects of power and familiarity relationships, the degree of imposition of an act (all of which have implications for roles and intents) and the actor’s character to produce politeness behaviors expectations. By using observations of politeness behaviors (or its lack), the same model permits inferences and updates about those attributes. We are refining and implementing this model to provide a computational believability metric based on the delta between observed and expected politeness behaviors—-an “Etiquette Quotient” (EQ)—-of an actor in context. We see applicability of this model t interactive avatar behavior generation and adaptation through modular, cross-cultural etiquette libraries.

Citation:

Miller, C., Chapman, M., Wu, P. & Johnson, L.(2005, May 16-19). The “Etiquette Quotient”: An Approach to Believable Social Interaction Behaviors. Proceedings of the 14th Conference on Behavior Representation in Modeling and Simulation (BRIMS). Universal City, CA.

Date Published:

Monday, May 16, 2005

Publication File:

MLCW-BRIMS05-v2.pdf

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