Smart Information Flow Technologies - etiquette

Politeness in Teams: Implications for Directive Compliance Behavior and Associated Attitudes

admin — Tue, 04 Aug 2015 19:44:33 +0000

Citation:

Miller, C., Wu, P., and Ott, T. Politeness effects in Professional and Nonprofessional Teams: Implications for Directive Compliance Behavior and Associated Attitudes. Cognitive Engineering and Decision Making, 6(2), pp. 214-42 (2012).

Date Published:

Saturday, August 4, 2012

Publication File:

Journal of Cognitive Engineering and Decision Making-2012-Miller-214-42.pdf

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Power and Politeness in Interactions: ADMIRE - A Tool for Deriving the Former from the Latter

admin — Tue, 04 Aug 2015 19:42:19 +0000

Citation:

Miller, C. Power and Politeness in Interactions; ADMIRE-A Tool for Deriving the Former from the Latter. Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Social Informatics. Washington, DC (December 2012).

Date Published:

Saturday, December 1, 2012

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Human Computer Etiquette, A Socio-Linguistic Perspective

admin — Sun, 02 Aug 2015 19:31:49 +0000

Citation:

Wu, P., Miller, C., & Ott, T. (2009, October 19-23). Human Computer Etiquette, A Socio-Linguistic Perspective. Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, San Antonio, TX.

Date Published:

Monday, October 19, 2009

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Culture, Politeness and Directive Compliance: Does Saying 'Please' Make a Difference?

admin — Fri, 31 Jul 2015 21:04:16 +0000

Keywords: etiquette, culture, politeness, directive compliance

Abstract: We argue that traditional cultural factors (from Hofstede, Nisbett, etc.) are too abstract to provide good, predictive models of important human performance behaviours such as compliance with directives. Instead, we focus on culture-specific social interaction behaviours in language, gesture, etc. (i.e., "etiquette") as a more concrete and quantifiable bridge between abstract cultural factors and human performance. We describe a computational model of etiquette and face threat perception we have developed, called CECAEDA (Computational Effects of Cultural Attributes and Etiquette on Directive Adherence). CECAEDA consists of four parts: (1) a culturally universal model of politeness perceptions, their causes and effects, (2) a culturally universal model of the chain from perception through decision making to the execution of compliance behaviours in response to directives, (3) a culturally universal set of hypotheses about how politeness perceptions affect directive compliance, and (4) a set of hypotheses about how cultural factors (specifically, those proposed by Hofstede [1] affect etiquette perceptions and, thus, directive compliance in culture-specific ways. Each component is discussed in detail, followed by a brief presentation of our research testbed and paradigm for evaluating CECAEDA.

Citation:

Miller, C., & Smith, K. (2008, April 21-23). Culture, Politeness and Directive Compliance: Does Saying 'Please' Make a Difference? Proceedings of the NATO RTO Symposium HFM-142 on Adaptability in Coalition Teamwork. Copenhagen, Denmark.

Date Published:

Monday, April 21, 2008

Publication File:

MillerSmithNATO-final.pdf

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A Computational Approach to Etiquette: Operationalizing Brown and Levinson's Politeness Model

admin — Fri, 31 Jul 2015 20:46:08 +0000

Keywords: culture modeling, social interaction, politeness, etiquette, power, familiarity, imposition, urgency

Abstract: A central source of cultural differences, with powerful impacts on perception and behavior, is communication of “politeness” and its role power and familiarity relationships, urgency, indebtedness, etc. We are operationalizing and making computational a culturally abstract and universal theory of human politeness which combines culture-specific aspects of social context (power and familiarity relationships, imposition, character), to produce expectations about politeness behaviors (also culturally defined). Such a model will enable better training materials, simulations, and even better decision aids. By using observations of politeness behaviors (or their lack), the same model can infer those attributes. We describe our algorithm and results from two validation experiments. We have used this model to guide simulated game agents in interpreting and generating politeness behaviors and have demonstrated promise for reducing software development costs and/or increasing an agent’s behavior repertoire through the creation of modular, crosscultural etiquette libraries.

Citation:

Miller, C., Wu, P., & Funk, H. (2008). A Computational Approach to Etiquette: Operationalizing Brown and Levinson's Politeness Model. IEEE Intelligent Systems, 23(4), 28-35.

Date Published:

Tuesday, July 1, 2008

Publication File:

MWF-IEEEIS-vsubmit2.pdf

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Interactive Phrasebook, Language and Culture Training

admin — Fri, 31 Jul 2015 20:35:38 +0000

Keywords: phrasebook. cultural awareness, etiquette, socially aware

Abstract: Cultural-awareness and knowledge of business etiquette in the globalized world is vital in creating successful partnerships. Its importance is demonstrated by the numerous culture and language training books, programs, and consulting companies geared towards the international business market. One problem is that there are nuances within a culture that may dramatically alter the meaning behind communications, but these subtleties cannot be taught effectively in the current teaching formats. Contextual information such as the power distance or familiarity between the speaker and the hearer and their effects are often footnotes in a lesson, despite their considerable influence on the interpretation of the message. This problem can be addressed by computerized training that allows the learner to...

Citation:

Wu, P., & Miller, C. (2008, June 12-13). Interactive Phrasebook, Language and Culture Training. Proceedings of the International Conference on E-Learning in the Workplace (ICELW), Columbia University, New York, NY.

Date Published:

Thursday, June 12, 2008

Publication File:

SIFT-ICELW2008.pdf

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A Computational Apporach to Etiqeutte and Politeness: An "Etiquette Engine™" for Cultural Interaction Training

admin — Fri, 31 Jul 2015 19:52:37 +0000

Keywords: social interaction behavior, etiquette, politeness, culture, NPSs, cross cultural training, training games

Abstract: Computational models and simulations of culture-specific social interactions are useful for a variety of applications including training, interaction or perception prediction and interpretation and even the design of machines and systems which will interact verbally with members of different cultures. To date, such models have been achieved via the scripting of specific trajectories of behaviors or, in limited instances, through very complex, “first principles” psychological models of agent motivation and goal-based behaviors. Neither of these is entirely appropriate for the production of a large series of rich and deep social interactions. We have developed a quantitative, computational implementation of a rich, universal theory of human-human “politeness” behaviors and the culture-specific interpretive frameworks for them (labeled “etiquette”) from sociology, linguistics and anthropology. This model links observable and inferred aspects of power and familiarity relationships, the degree of imposition of an act (each of which have implications for roles and intents) and the actor’s character to produce expectations about politeness behaviors. We have recently demonstrated the ability for this algorithm to produce culture-specific, politeness-appropriate utterances and perceptions of utterances in a game setting. Furthermore, our algorithmic approach to calculating culturespecific attitudes offered distinct advantages over alternate methods of producing such behaviors. Not only was it possible to more rapidly amass a much larger set of alternate trajectories through an interaction setting, but it was also possible to “swap” alternate sets of cultural knowledge to enable giving an agent alternate cultural perceptions with great ease.

Citation:

Miller, C., & Parasuraman, R. (2007, March 26-29). A Computational Approach to Etiquette and Politeness: An "Etiquette Engine™" for Cultural Interaction Training. Proceedings of the 2007 Conference on Behavior Representation In Modeling and Simulation. Norfolk, VA.

Date Published:

Monday, March 26, 2007

Publication File:

MWFJV-BRIMS07-vfin.pdf

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A Computational Approach to Etiquette and Politeness: Validation Experiments

admin — Fri, 31 Jul 2015 19:45:25 +0000

Keywords: politeness, human-human etiquette, face threats

Abstract: A significant and prevalent aspect of human behavior (as opposed to attitudes and beliefs) which is affected by cultural differences is communication style. We have been developing computational models of an important culturallyvarying aspect of communication: ”politeness” and “etiquette” in social interactions and its role in establishing and managing power and familiarity relationships, urgency, indebtedness, etc. A valid computational model of such interactions would enable the creation of better simulations and games for language and culture training, as well as aid in the design of materials and machines to better serve members of a given culture. We have developed such a model based on a rich, universal theory of human-human politeness and “etiquette”. This model links observable and inferred aspects of social context (power and familiarity relationships, imposition, knowledge about character), which have culture-specific values, to produce expectations about politeness behaviors (also culturally defined). By using observations of politeness behaviors (or their lack), the same model permits inferences and updates about those attributes. We briefly describe the algorithm we have developed and describe results from two validation experiments involving first trained, and later untrained raters. We have used this model in other work to guide simulated game agents in interpreting etiquette directed at them and in generating politeness behaviors in response. While other methods of interactive behavior generation are available (e.g., behavior scripting) our modular, computational approach shows promise for reducing software development costs and/or increasing the breadth of an agent’s social interaction behavior through the creation of modular, cross-cultural etiquette libraries.

Citation:

Miller, C., Wu, P. & Funk, H. (2007, August 27-28). A Computational Approach to Etiquette and Politeness: Validation Experiments. Proceedings of the First International Conference on Computational Cultural Dynamics, College Park, MD.

Date Published:

Monday, August 27, 2007

Publication File:

MWF-CCD07-v2.pdf

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A Computational Approach to Etiquette and Politeness

admin — Fri, 31 Jul 2015 19:27:53 +0000

Keywords: social interaction behavior, etiquette, politeness, avatar, NPCs, cross cultural training, training games

Abstract: Characters or agents which react appropriately—-taking offense when reasonable, giving deference where appropriate, etc.-- are a fundamental need for believability and accuracy in simulations of social interactions (including culture-specific and multi-cultural interactions). This is especially true for applications where complex and realistic interactions with intelligent agents are important-- such as cross-cultural training for military personnel. We have developed a quantitative, computational implementation of a rich, universal theory of human-human “politeness” behaviors and the culture-specific interpretive frameworks for them (labeled “etiquette”) from sociology, linguistics and anthropology. This model links observable and inferred aspects of power and familiarity relationships, the degree of imposition of an act (each of which have implications for roles and intents) and the actor’s character to produce expectations about politeness behaviors. By using observations of politeness behaviors (or their lack), the same model permits inferences and updates about those attributes. We present the algorithm we have developed and describe its results in scoring the degree of politeness or rudeness across 8 test cases. We see applicability of this model to interactive agent behavior generation and adaptation through the creation of modular, cross-cultural etiquette libraries. While other methods of interactive behavior generation are available (e.g., behavior scripting) our modular, computational approach should provide substantial payoffs in terms of reducing software development costs and/orincreasing the breadth of an agent’s social interaction behaviors.

Citation:

Miller, C., Wu, P., Funk, H., Wilson, P., & Johnson, W. L. (2006, May 15-18). A Computational Approach to Etiquette and Politeness: Initial Test Cases. Proceedings of 2006 BRIMS Conference, Baltimore, MD.

Date Published:

Monday, May 15, 2006

Publication File:

MWFWJ-BRIMS06.pdf

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Trust in Adaptive Automation: The Role of Etiquette in Tuning Trust via Analogic and Affective Method

admin — Wed, 29 Jul 2015 19:46:35 +0000

Keywords: trust, adaptive automation, trust tuning methods, etiquette behaviors

Abstract: In this paper, we begin by discussing a definition of trust and settle on one provided by Lee and See (2004). This definition emphasizes the nature of trust as an attitude toward the uncertain future actions of an agent. Some important implications of this definition for adaptive automation systems are discussed including (a) trust is not synonymous with user acceptance; in fact, trust should be tuned to result in accurate usage decisions by operators, (b) trust becomes more important with complex, adaptive automation precisely because it becomes less plausible for a human operator to fully understand what and how the automation will operate in all contents, and (c) as an attitude, trust is produced and affected by methods other than rational cognition. In fact, Lee and See provide a model with three methods of tuning trust—analytic, analogic and affective—with special emphasis on their roles trust for adaptive automation. Of these, we argue that the latter two will be more important in human interaction with adaptive automation than they are with traditional automation. We define and discuss a method of tuning analogic and affective trust: the “etiquette” of human interaction with automation. We provide examples from two recent projects, one involving a laboratory experiment and the other involving human interaction with automation in a realistic full mission simulation, which illustrate trust effects from etiquette-based design and system behavior manipulations.

Citation:

Miller, C. (2005, July 22-27). Trust in Adaptive Automation: The Role of Etiquette in Tuning Trust via Analogic and Affective Method. Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Augmented Cognition, Las Vegas, NV.

Date Published:

Friday, July 22, 2005

Publication File:

Miller-AugCog-Trust-full.pdf

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